Angophora costata Gaertn., Britten 1916 subsp. costata

Common name(s): Sydney Red Gum, Rusty Gum, Smooth-barked Apple

Family: Myrtaceae Synonym(s): Metrosideros costata Gaertn., Angophora lanceolata Cav.

Plant

Taken by Ken Harrington on 29th November, 2024 at Gawler, South Australia

Bark (Lower)

Taken by Ken Harrington

Leaf (Front)

Taken by Ken Harrington

Flower Bud

Taken by Ken Harrington

Flowers

Taken by Ken Harrington

Inflorescence

Taken by Ken Harrington

Fruit

Taken by Ken Harrington

Stem (Upper)

Taken by Ken Harrington

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Plant Properties

Origin(s)

Australia

NSW: NC, CT, CC, SC
QLD: LE, PC, BN, WB, MO

Plant Type

Evergreen Tree

Climate Range(s) - Habitat

Oceanic, Temperate Cool, Temperate Warm, Tropical-Sub

Oceanic,

Temperate Cool,

Temperate Warm,

Tropical-Sub

Aspect Range(s)

Sun - Full

Habitat Range(s)

Forest - Littoral, Open Woodlands, Sclerophyll Forest - Dry

Forest - Littoral,

Open Woodlands,

Sclerophyll Forest - Dry

Habitat Zone(s)

Forest Margins, Coastal margins, Exposed, Exposed Stony embankments, Foothills, Garden, Gullies / Valley's / Canyon's, Heavy soils, Hills, Lakes / Dams / Swamps, Landscape, Moist areas, Moist Slopes, Open areas, Plains, Ridges, Riparian areas, Rivers / Creeks / Streams, Rock crevices, Rocky, Sandy Moist, Scattered, Slopes, Water sides, Well drained, Windy

Forest Margins,

Coastal margins,

Exposed,

Exposed Stony embankments,

Foothills,

Garden,

Gullies / Valley's / Canyon's,

Heavy soils,

Hills,

Lakes / Dams / Swamps,

Landscape,

Moist areas,

Moist Slopes,

Open areas,

Plains,

Ridges,

Riparian areas,

Rivers / Creeks / Streams,

Rock crevices,

Rocky,

Sandy Moist,

Scattered,

Slopes,

Water sides,

Well drained,

Windy

Mature Height

20-25m, 25-30m

20-25m,

25-30m

Mature Width

10-15m, 15-20m

10-15m,

15-20m

Plant Shape

Domed - Broad

Growth Rate

Moderate, Fast

Moderate,

Fast

Maturity

8-10 yrs

Life Span

75-100yrs.

Leaf Properties

Juvenile Leaf Colour(s) (front)

Red-green, Green, Red-brown

Red-green,

Green,

Red-brown

Juvenile Leaf Colour(s) (back)

Red-brown, Green, Red-green

Red-brown,

Green,

Red-green

Juvenile Leaf Shape(s)

Elliptical

Ovate

Elliptical,

Ovate

Juvenile Leaf Texture (front)

Glabrous

Juvenile Leaf Texture (back)

Glabrous

Juvenile Leaf Length

60-65mm, 65-70mm, 70-75mm, 75-80mm, 80-85mm, 85-90mm, 90-95mm, 95-100mm, 100-125mm

60-65mm,

65-70mm,

70-75mm,

75-80mm,

80-85mm,

85-90mm,

90-95mm,

95-100mm,

100-125mm

Juvenile Leaf Width

20-22.5mm, 22.5-25mm, 25-27.5mm, 27.5-30mm, 30-35mm, 35-40mm, 45-50mm, 50-55mm, 55-60mm, 60-65mm

20-22.5mm,

22.5-25mm,

25-27.5mm,

27.5-30mm,

30-35mm,

35-40mm,

45-50mm,

50-55mm,

55-60mm,

60-65mm

Juvenile Leaf Margin

Entire

Juvenile Leaf Attachment

Sessile

Juvenile Leaf Apice(s)

Acute Narrowly

Juvenile Leaf Base(s)

Cuneate

Obtuse

Cuneate,

Obtuse

Juvenile Leaf Cross Section

Flat

Juvenile Leaf Arrangement

Opposite & Decussate

Colour (front)

Glossy, Green

Glossy,

Green

Colour (back)

Green

Shape(s)

Falcate

Lanceolate

Falcate,

Lanceolate

Aroma

Spicy-Slight

Texture (front)

Glabrous

Leathery

Glabrous,

Leathery

Texture (back)

Glabrous

Leathery

Glabrous,

Leathery

Leaf Length(s)

70-80mm, 80-90mm, 90-100mm, 100-125mm, 125-150mm, 150-175mm, 175-200mm

70-80mm,

80-90mm,

90-100mm,

100-125mm,

125-150mm,

150-175mm,

175-200mm

Leaf Width(s)

10-15mm, 15-20mm, 20-25mm, 25-30mm, 30-40mm

10-15mm,

15-20mm,

20-25mm,

25-30mm,

30-40mm

Margin

Entire

Cross Section(s)

Flat

Venation(s)

Pinnate

Arrangement

Opposite & Decussate

Apice(s)

Acute Narrowly

Base(s)

Cuneate

Obtuse

Cuneate,

Obtuse

Attachment

Petiolate

Petiole Length

7.5-10mm, 10-12.5mm, 12.5-15mm, 15-17.5mm, 17.5-20mm, 20-25mm

7.5-10mm,

10-12.5mm,

12.5-15mm,

15-17.5mm,

17.5-20mm,

20-25mm

Petiole Cross Section

Terete

Petiole Colour

Brown-red

Bark / Stem / Culm Properties

Colour(s) Upper

Orange-brown , Pink

Orange-brown,

Pink

Colour(s) Lower

Grey, Grey-brown, Orange-brown

Grey,

Grey-brown,

Orange-brown

Texture(s) Upper

Smooth

Textures(s) Lower

Pitted

Scaly

Smooth

Pitted,

Scaly,

Smooth

Trunk / Stem Construction(s)

Lignotuber

Wood Fibres / Solid

Lignotuber,

Wood Fibres / Solid

Trunk / Stem / Culm Cross Section

Terete

Trunk / Stem Feature(s)

Bark - Sheds, Short Strips , Trunk-multi , Trunk-single

Bark - Sheds, Short Strips,

Trunk-multi,

Trunk-single

Trunk / Stem / Culm Diameter

400-450mm, 450-500mm, 500-550mm

400-450mm,

450-500mm,

500-550mm

Flower Properties

Gender: Bisexual

Time(s)

Spring Mid - Summer Early

Flower Colour(s)

Cream-white, White

Cream-white,

White

Flower Shape(s)

Filamental Cyathiform

Flower Size(s) Width

15-20mm

Petal Size

4-5mm

Petal Shape(s)

Reniform

Aroma(s)

Sweet-slight

Attachment

Pedicelate

Pedicel Size (flower stem)

3-4mm, 4-5mm, 5-6mm, 6-7mm, 7-8mm, 8-9mm, 9-10mm, 10-11mm, 11-12mm, 12-13mm, 13-14mm, 14-15mm

3-4mm,

4-5mm,

5-6mm,

6-7mm,

7-8mm,

8-9mm,

9-10mm,

10-11mm,

11-12mm,

12-13mm,

13-14mm,

14-15mm

Pedicel Colour

Brown-red

Pedicel Texture

Glabrous

Arrangement(s)

Corymb Compound

Terminal

Arrangement Size(s)

5-10mm, 10-15mm, 15-20mm, 20-25mm

5-10mm,

10-15mm,

15-20mm,

20-25mm

Flowers per Arrangement

3-4

Pollinator(s)

Bees, Birds, Butterflies

Bees,

Birds,

Butterflies

Bud / Operculum Shape

Bud - Ovoid

Bud - Globose

Bud - Ovoid,

Bud - Globose

Petal Number

Stamen Number

many

Fruit Properties

Type

Capsule

Shape(s)

Barrel-shaped

Disc Descending

Barrel-shaped,

Disc Descending

Outer Colour(s)

Brown-red

Outer Texture

Ribbed

Ribbed-Slightly

Length

10-15mm, 15-20mm

10-15mm,

15-20mm

Aroma

None

Season of Fruiting

Summer Late

Maturation for Fruiting

4 yrs., 5 yrs., 6 yrs.

4 yrs.,

5 yrs.,

6 yrs.

Seed Properties

Type

Achene

Colour(s)

Brown, Red-brown

Brown,

Red-brown

Shape(s)

Ellipsoid

Texture(s)

Smooth

Seed Length

5-6mm, 6-7mm, 7-8mm

5-6mm,

6-7mm,

7-8mm

Seed Dispersal

Gravity, Insects, Wind

Gravity,

Insects,

Wind

Seed Number

many

Root Properties

Type

Plate

Shallow

Texture

Rough / Scabrous

Hard , Woody

Hard,

Woody

Colour(s)

Brown Dark

Invasiveness

Medium-High

Soil Properties

Type(s)

Clay-loam, Loam, Sandy-loam, Sand

Clay-loam,

Loam,

Sandy-loam,

Sand

pH Range(s)

Acid, Slightly Acid, Neutral, Slightly Alkaline

Acid,

Slightly Acid,

Neutral,

Slightly Alkaline

Condition(s)

Damp

Moist

Moist - Dry

Damp,

Moist,

Moist - Dry

Fertile , Poor , Deep , Well Drained

Fertile,

Poor,

Deep,

Well Drained

Salinities

Slight

Soil / Water Contamination Tolerance(s)

Grey Water

Waterlogging Class

W0 – Low tolerance

Watering Requirements

WR3 - never let soil dry out, WR4 - allow soil to dry between watering, WR5 - soil should remain dry 4 - 5 days between watering

WR3 - never let soil dry out,

WR4 - allow soil to dry between watering,

WR5 - soil should remain dry 4 - 5 days between watering

Other Properties / Uses

Bee Attraction

Moderate

Bird Attraction

Nectar, Insect, Seed, Nesting, Habitat

Nectar,

Insect,

Seed,

Nesting,

Habitat

Butterfly Attraction

Poor

Frog Habitat

None

Carbon Sequestration Potential

High

Wood Density

Medium High 600 - 800 kg/c.m.

Coastal

1st Line

Edible(s)

None

Fire Regeneration(s)

Epicormic Buds

Fire Retarding

Poor

Drought Tolerance

Moderate

Frost Tolerance

Moderate

Snow Tolerance

None

Minimum Temperature Tolerance

0 - 2°C

Smog Tolerant

Good

Landscape Use

Good

Street Use

Moderate

Commercial Use(s)

Horticulture - Amenity

Maintenance(s)

Pruning - Canopy Lift, Pruning - Formative, Pruning - Shaping

Pruning - Canopy Lift,

Pruning - Formative,

Pruning - Shaping

Pests/Diseases

Myrtle Rust (Austropuccinia psidii), Borers, Eucalypt Sawfly, Myrtaceae Tip Blight, Psyllid

Myrtle Rust (Austropuccinia psidii),

Borers,

Eucalypt Sawfly,

Myrtaceae Tip Blight,

Psyllid

Special Purpose(s)

Garden-Park land, Coppiced, Branch-dropper, Fire Resistant, Garden-Australian Native, Garden-Informal, Garden-Woodland, Sand Binder, Shade tree-Light, Shady Moist, Soil Binder, Specimen, Sunny Moist, Windbreak

Garden-Park land,

Coppiced,

Branch-dropper,

Fire Resistant,

Garden-Australian Native,

Garden-Informal,

Garden-Woodland,

Sand Binder,

Shade tree-Light,

Shady Moist,

Soil Binder,

Specimen,

Sunny Moist,

Windbreak

Dormancy

Summer

Humidity Requirements

Low, Medium, High

Low,

Medium,

High

Vulnerability

LC - Least Concern

Altitude Range - Habitat

0-100m, 100-200m, 200-300m, 300-400m, 400-500m, 500-600m, 600-700m, 700-800m, 800-900m, 900-1,000m, 1,000-1,250m, 1,250-1,500m, 1,500-1,750m, 1,750-2,000m, 2,000-2,250m, 2,250-2,500m, 2,500-2,750m, 2,750-3,000m, 3,000-3,250m, 3,250-3,500m, 4,000m>

0-100m,

100-200m,

200-300m,

300-400m,

400-500m,

500-600m,

600-700m,

700-800m,

800-900m,

900-1,000m,

1,000-1,250m,

1,250-1,500m,

1,500-1,750m,

1,750-2,000m,

2,000-2,250m,

2,250-2,500m,

2,500-2,750m,

2,750-3,000m,

3,000-3,250m,

3,250-3,500m,

4,000m>

Annual Precipitation Range

600mm, 650mm, 700mm, 750mm, 800mm, 850mm, 900mm, 950mm, 1,000mm, 1,100mm, 1,200mm

600mm,

650mm,

700mm,

750mm,

800mm,

850mm,

900mm,

950mm,

1,000mm,

1,100mm,

1,200mm

Fertilising Requirements

FR8 - apply Australian Native Plant fertiliser every 6 mths

Wind Tolerance

Strong Winds

Propagation

Fresh Seed

Weed Potential(s)

New Zealand

N.Z.: Naturalised

General Notes

A large, handsome tree often gnarled and crooked with pink to pale grey bark shed in spring showing new salmon-pink bark. The timber can be brittle so isn't used much in construction. As it can drop branches do not plant where it will overhang a building. Makes a nice specimen tree in a larger garden or landscape setting.

There is two sub species

Angophora costata subsp. costata, no hairs on the flower and smaller fruit
Angophora costata subsp. euryphlla, hairs on the base of the flower, larger fruit

Propagation Notes

Fresh Seed

Material Preparation

Collect seed when the capsule turns brown. Place in a paper bag and allow to dry fully in a warm, dry place for 1-2 weeks and the seed will fall out of the capsule. Clean or leave with the frass. Store in a cool dark place before sowing. Seeds are non-dormant.

Viability:- 1- 5 years (95%)

Seeds/gram:-

Propagating Mix

Premium Seed Raising Mix

Treatment

Sow seed on the surface, cover lightly with fine gravel, water in, keep moist, place outside. Optimal temperature for germination is 20-28^o C

Viable seeds/gram:-

Germination time:- 7 - 30 days

Pricking out:- 5 – 8 weeks into tubes after germination

Tube Mix:- Premium Seed Raising Mix